Indus Valley - One Of The Oldest Civilization Of The World

Ancient India is a long age civilization, better known in the world as Indus Valley Civilization.

Indus valley civilization is one of the oldest civilization in the world, it covered present North West India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. With population over 5 million the civilization is known for their  then build up houses, urban planning, drainage, water supply systems and the technology used for metallurgy & handicraft works.

The civilization age marked between 3300 to 1300 BC and was first explored in 1920's as Indus valley Civilization. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro civilization are the two most popular excavated sites of Indus valley, 1056 settlements has been found in the civilization among which some of them were main urban hubs of Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro.

Urban plan then developed by the civilization for sanitation is known as the World’s first urban sanitation plan. They had well equipped sources & technology and were proficient in almost all the fields whether it was technology, art & crafts or the authority & governance for a perfect city plan.

The gradual decline of civilization began around 1800 BC and most of the archaeologists suggests the invasion of Indo European tribe or Aryans from the central Asia was one of the reasons.

Indus valley did not disappear completely as the Indus civilization culture was also adopted in the later civilizations and Vedic system followed later is also partially derived from it.

The possible reason behind the great civilization's decline is connected with the climate change but some considers the course of rivers was one of the major cause of Harappa’s decline while some studies also suggests that the irrigation capabilities of Indus valley civilization was not great and the civilization was completely dependent on monsoons for the irrigation facilities. They migrated towards the east in search of better resources and settled near Ganges basin in small groups since the water sources were dried-up.